Concrete



**Glossary**
 * Hardens: To become hard or harder.
 * Stonelike: Resembling stone in hardness
 * Water and fire resisting: The capacity of a material or construction to withstand fire or give protection from it; and to not be penetrated by liquid or destroyed by exposure to liquid characterized by its ability to continue to perform a structural function.
 * Compressive: Serving to or able to compress.
 *  Tensile strength: is the maximum amount of tensile stress that it can take before failure, for example breaking.
 * Poured: to dispense from a container
 *  Fusing: to blend thoroughly by or as if by melting togethe r
 *  Volcanic ash: consists of small tephra, which are bits of pulverized rock and glass created by volcanic eruptions
 * Brick ribbing: a framework or structure of brick ribs
 * Sewerage: the removal of surface water or sewage by means of sewers
 * Water-proofing: describes making an object waterproof or water-resistant
 * Pipes: A hollow cylinder or tube used to conduct a liquid, gas, or finely divided solid.
 * Mesh: Refers to an interconnect architecture that cross-connects several devices.
 * Limitless: Having no limit or limits; unrestricted
 * Hardscape construction: The part of a building's grounds consisting of structures, such as patios, retaining walls, and walkways, made with hard materials.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Deck: A platform extending horizontally from one side of a ship to the other.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Stresses: To subject to mechanical pressure or force.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Slabs: A broad, flat, thick piece, as of stone
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Spring: An elastic device, such as a coil of wire that regains its original shape after being compressed or extended.

<span style="color: #000080; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">**Definitions** > <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;">provides bearing members into which reinforcement is set under tension to produce a live force to resist a particular load. Since the member acts like a spring, it can carry a greater load than an unstressed member of the same size.
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Concrete is a manufactured mixture of cement and water, with aggregates of sand and stones, which hardens rapidly by chemical combination to a stonelike, water-and-fire-resisting solid of great compressive but low tensile strength.
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;">Concrete-shell construction permits the erection of vast vaults and domes with a concrete and steel content so reduced that the thickness is comparatively less than that of an eggshell.
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">Reinforced concrete was developed to add the tensile strength of steel to the compressive strength of mass concrete. It was invented (1849) by Joseph Monier, who received a patent in 1867.
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">precast-concrete construction, employs bricks, slabs, and supports made under optimal factory conditions to increase waterproofing and solidity, to decrease time and cost in erection, and to reduce expansion and contractions.
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">prestressed concrete

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Reinforced concrete

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Precast concrete

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Prestressed concrete

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Concrete shell

<span style="color: #000080; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">**Difference between tiltwall construction, tilt-up panel construction and pre-cast concrete construction**

<span style="display: block; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Tilt-up panel construction, tiltwall construction, precast concrete building construction; are used to reference new or nontraditional cement building processes.

<span style="display: block; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Tilt-up and tiltwall are two terms used to describe the same process. For a tilt-up concrete building, the walls are created by assembling forms and pouring large slabs of concrete called panels directly at the job site. <span style="display: block; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Tiltwall panels can sometimes be extremely wide and/or tall.

<span style="display: block; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">The precast concrete building process is similar to tilt-up construction, but it addresses the challenges presented by weather. For precast concrete buildings, work crews do not set up forms at the job site to create the panels. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">After curing, the precast concrete panels are trucked to the job site. From this point, precast concrete buildings are assembled in much the same manner as tiltwall buildings. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">In conclusion, tilt-up or tiltwall construction and precast concrete are similar processes. Because tilt-up affords more flexibility, it is the method of choice in locations where the weather allows it. Precast concrete is a suitable choice in circumstances where environmental factors and the construction schedule preclude tiltwall as a viable option.

<span style="color: #000080; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">**Conclusion**

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">We could say that concrete is a very important element in architecture and a very useful construction material because of all its properties as strength, water and fire resistance and its ability to produce variety of structural elements and shapes.