Horizontal_circulation

The design of horizontal circulation determines the basic shape and character of the entire structure.
 * 1)  What does the design of horizontal circulation determine?

2. What are the four practical requirements of any horizontal circulation system mentioned in the lecture?


 * To be adequate in size.
 * Directness.
 * Points of converging traffic must be expressed.
 * Changes in level must be clearly expressed.

3.What are the three examples (names of buildings) mentioned by Prof. Watanabe to illustrate different horizontal circulation patterns?

> > > > > 4. Why is the concept of Horizontal Circulation important in any urban plan or architectural design?
 * Pennsylvania Station in New York is an excellent example of a spacious, broad and direct circulation. [[image:http://ilovednewyork.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/pennstation19108994.jpg width="257" height="202"]]
 * In Le Corbusier’s Centrosoyus in Moscow the circulation patterns are vague and signs ordirection marks would be necessary to indicate where one should go. [[image:http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_HCFuHK4mCtQ/SUwc0Md-aiI/AAAAAAAAAms/KDFgK4BPVCs/s320/2697172021_7d1edc2934_b.jpg width="317" height="236"]]
 * In the Palais de Justice in Paris, the circulation gives pattern, unity and clarity to the building. [[image:http://image.shutterstock.com/display_pic_with_logo/524191/524191,1325619303,38/stock-photo-palais-de-justice-interior-salle-de-pas-perdus-paris-created-by-best-leloir-hotelin-and-91899023.jpg width="446" height="359"]]

Horizontal circulation is important because it is a necessary element in establishing the relationship between the parts and the whole, and between the circulation pattern itself and the general sense and form of the entire structure.